Carotenoids are very versatile and important metabolites that can be used as natural colorants, antioxidants, and as source of vitamin A, as well as functional ingredients. There are more than 1100 natural carotenoids investigated in more than 600 organisms, including algae, plants, fungi, bacteria, archaea and some arthropods. Today we know a lot about the presence of carotenoids in the foods we eat, and their influence on our health is well known. The antioxidant activities of carotenoids regulate oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, thus protecting against neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's), cancer, metabolic syndromes and photo oxidative damage to the eyes and skin.

In 2020, the global carotenoids market value was estimated at approximately $1.7 billion and is expected to reach $2 billion by 2027, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.4%. Furthermore, the European natural pigments market size is expected to reach a value of $2.18 billion by 2028 with an expected CAGR of 10.1% over the forecast period. The existence of a huge feed sector and a well-established cosmetics industry are the major drivers for the growth of the carotenoids market. In addition, carotenoids are also among the preferred food colorants in European markets, driven by (i) growing concern for synthetic carotenoids over natural carotenoids (with plants and microalgae as major sources); (ii) increased focus on consumption of natural/functional products; and (iii) increased demand for cosmetics and nutraceuticals.